Drugs and Substance Abuse

 

           Drugs and Substance Abuse

                       (ARTICLE, POWER POINT PRESENTATION)

 

 

 

 

 

Submitted By

Devansh Sharma

Class XI-F

Roll No.- 12

Kulachi Hansraj Model School

Ashok Vihar, Delhi

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Drugs and Substance Abuse

Drug addiction, also called substance use disorder, is a disease that affects a person's brain and behavior and leads to an inability to control the use of a legal or illegal drug or medicine. Substances such as alcohol, marijuana and nicotine also are considered drugs.

Substance Abuse

Substance Abuse is a state where an individual continuously uses it with negative consequences such as physical, social or legal harm. Harmful Use of substances refers to a pattern of drug use or consumption which is already causing damage to health. Drug Dependence is a cluster of physiological, behavioral and cognitive phenomena in which the use of a substance takes on a higher priority for a person as compared to other behaviors. Drug addiction is also known as substance use disorder. It is an illness that affects an individual's brain and behavior and leads to an incapability to manage the use of a drug or medication.

Factors contributing to individuals developing addictions to drugs and substance use

Genetics: Studies show that genetic factors are responsible for 40% to 60% of the vulnerability to any SUD. If you have a first-degree relative (biological sibling or parent) with a substance abuse disorder, you’re more likely to develop one. Scientists are working to locate specific genes that may contribute to this vulnerability.

Mental health conditions: There’s a strong link between addiction and mental health conditions, such as depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and bipolar disorder. About half of the people who experience a mental health condition will also experience a substance abuse disorder SUD and vice versa.

Environmental factors: Access to substances is a particularly significant environmental risk factor. Factors that increase the extent of exposure and the opportunity for substance use include the use of substances by a member of your household or your peers and being prescribed medications that can be misused, such as opioids or stimulants. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) also play a role. ACEs are stressful or traumatic events during childhood. ACEs are strongly related to the development of a wide range of health problems throughout a person’s lifespan, including addiction.

• To rebel against parents or authorities

• As a recreational activity

• To express independence

• To handle low self-esteem

• To cope with academic stress

• To deal with family stress and issues

• For immediate gratification • Due to peer pressure etc.

 

 

Symptoms of Substance Abuse

• When It causes problems In rata ions, I Mang substances even t puts you In anger e) i

• Excessive absenteeism

• Lower productivity

• Lower grades in school

• Deteriorating work quality like incomplete homework, class assignments

• Poor morale

• Increased minor accidents, mistakes

• Multiple reports of theft Behavioral Symptoms

• Sudden change in attitude, work or behavior (I don't care attitude) • Sudden deterioration of long friendships and relationships

• Explosive arguments and disagreement over pity matters • Frequent hangover symptoms

Physical Symptoms

• Blood spots and bruises on skin

• Bloodshot or watery eyes

• Runny or irritated nose, cough, sore throat

• Speech pattern changes, slurred speech •

 Tremors or jitters

 • Constant scratching of skin, picking skin or hair

• Poor body coordination, poor senses

Psychological Symptoms

• Unexplained change in personality or attitude

• Sudden mood changes • Irritability

• Anger outburst or laughing at nothing

• Periods of unusual hyperactivity or agitation

• Lack of motivation • Inability to focus

• Appearing fearful or withdrawn

How To Prevent Drugs and Substance Use

·       Know your teen's activities. 

·       Establish rules and consequences. 

·       Know your teen's friends. 

·       Keep track of prescription drugs. 

·       Provide support. 

·       Avoid Temptation and Peer Pressure. 

·       Seek help for mental illness

·       Examine the risk factors

·       Keep a well-balanced life. 

Consequences Of Drugs and Substance Use

1. Effects of Substance Use Disorders on the Family

• Emotional burden.
• Economic burden..
• Relationship distress or dissatisfaction.
• Family instability.
• Effects on the developing fetus and children.

Social Effects of Substance Use Disorders

SUDs impact the social functioning of individuals and create a burden for society as well. These disorders contribute to medical or psychiatric conditions, disability, and death as a result of accidents or diseases caused or worsened by substance use, or higher rates of suicidality, all of which affect society.

Health Effects

§  Cardiovascular disease

§  Stroke

§  Cancer

§  HIV/AIDS

§  Hepatitis B and C

§  Lung disease

§  Mental disorders

Consequences of youth substance abuse

Young people who persistently abuse substances often experience an array of problems, including academic difficulties, health-related problems (including mental health), poor peer relationships, and involvement with the juvenile justice system. Additionally, there are consequences for family members, the community, and the entire society.

Government Initiatives to Tackle Drug Addiction:
It constituted the Narco-Coordination Centre (NCORD) in November, 2016 and revived the scheme of “Financial Assistance to States for Narcotics Control”.

§  Narcotics Control Bureau has been provided funds for developing a new software i.e. Seizure Information Management System (SIMS) which will create a complete online database of drug offences and offenders.

§  The government has constituted a fund called “National Fund for Control of Drug Abuse” to meet the expenditure incurred in connection with combating illicit traffic in Narcotic Drugs; rehabilitating addicts, and educating the public against drug abuse, etc.

§  The government is also conducting a National Drug Abuse Survey to measure trends of drug abuse in India through the Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment with the help of National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre of AIIMS.

§  'Project Sunrise' was launched by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in 2016, to tackle the rising HIV prevalence in north-eastern states in India, especially among people injecting drugs.

§  The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, (NDPS) 1985: It prohibits a person from producing, possessing, selling, purchasing, transporting, storing, and/or consuming any narcotic drug or psychotropic substance.

Global perspectives

·       International Treaties and Conventions to Combat Drug Menace:

·       India is signatory of the following International treaties and conventions to combat the menace of Drug Abuse:

·       United Nations (UN) Convention on Narcotic Drugs (1961)

·       UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances (1971).

·       UN Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (1988)

·       UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) 2000